Is your job at risk from automation?

Automation is a divisive subject – while automated technology should help make our lives easier and more comfortable, there’s a very real threat it will lead to millions of jobs.

But what jobs are most likely to suffer at the hands of automation? And how safe is your job?

What is automation?

Automation is the use of automatic equipment or machinery in industry, which could be anything from the robotic arms used at car assembly plants, to automated bookkeeping tools.

What studies have been done on automation?

2017 figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) show that around 1.5 million jobs in England are at high risk of some of their duties and tasks being automated in the future. The study has analysed the jobs of 20 million people in England and found that 7.4% are at high risk of automation.

Choose an occupation from the drop down menu below to see how at risk your job is.

Then in 2018, a report from PwC, the UK-based multinational professional services network, estimated that up to 30% of jobs could be lost to automation over the next decade, while the Bank of England has put a figure of 15 million on the expected number of jobs that could be taken over by machines.

And then there’s WillRobotsTakeMyJob.com, a website inspired by a 2013 report from Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A. Osborne titled “The Future of Employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation?”.

This uses a unique methodology to estimate the probability of automation taking over in 702 detailed occupations. In early 2019, the WillRobotsTakeMyJob team started collecting data on what our audience believed the automation risk to be for each occupation. Then in 2021 they used data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) along with their own polling data and the automation risk probabilities to give each occupation a ‘job score’ between 0 and 10.

The most searched jobs on WillRobotsTakeMyJob are:

  • Accountants and Auditors
  • Lawyers
  • Computer Programmers
  • Graphic Designers
  • Mechanical Engineers
  • Veterinarians
  • Marketing Managers

To find out how at risk your job is, enter your job title at https://willrobotstakemyjob.com/

Which jobs are most at risk from automation?

The rise of the machines has always been a staple of science fiction, but the rapid advances in robot and artificial intelligence technology are making autonomous cars and personal assistants a reality. This technology has massive implications for all manner of occupations, including taxi drivers, lorry drivers, and warehouse staff.

A 2013 study from researchers at Oxford University found that around 700 current jobs would be automated in the future, 12 of which have a 99% of being carried out by computers. The occupations most at risk are perfect for machine algorithms, as they all use a involve repetitive activities and patterns. They are:

  1. Data Entry
  2. Library Technicians
  3. New Accounts Clerks
  4. Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators
  5. Tax Preparers
  6. Cargo and Freight Agents
  7. Watch Repairers
  8. Insurance Underwriters
  9. Mathematical Technicians
  10. Sewers, Hand
  11. Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers
  12. Telemarketers

Which jobs are least at risk from automation?

  1. Recreational Therapists
  2. First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers
  3. Emergency Management Directors
  4. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
  5. Audiologists
  6. Occupational Therapists
  7. Orthotists and Prosthetists
  8. Healthcare Social Workers

Is your job at risk from automation?

Below is a comprehensive list of jobs identified as being at risk from automation, ordered by those most at risk to those least at risk. Where does your job sit on the list?

Probability of Automation Occupation
99% Data Entry Keyers
99% Library Technicians
99% New Accounts Clerks
99% Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators
99% Tax Preparers
99% Cargo and Freight Agents
99% Watch Repairers
99% Insurance Underwriters
99% Mathematical Technicians
99% Sewers, Hand
99% Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers
99% Telemarketers
98% Models
98% Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers
98% Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
98% Legal Secretaries
98% Radio Operators
98% Driver/Sales Workers
98% Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators
98% Parts Salespersons
98% Credit Analysts
98% Milling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
98% Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks
98% Procurement Clerks
98% Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders
98% Etchers and Engravers
98% Tellers
98% Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports Officials
98% Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage
98% Loan Officers
98% Order Clerks
98% Brokerage Clerks
98% Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks
98% Timing Device Assemblers and Adjusters
97% Bridge and Lock Tenders
97% Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing
97% Team Assemblers
97% Shoe Machine Operators and Tenders
97% Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers
97% Farm Labor Contractors
97% Textile Bleaching and Dyeing Machine Operators and Tenders
97% Dental Laboratory Technicians
97% Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
97% Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand
97% Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation
97% Log Graders and Scalers
97% Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians
97% Cashiers
97% Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers
97% Motion Picture Projectionists
97% Prepress Technicians and Workers
97% Counter and Rental Clerks
97% File Clerks
97% Real Estate Brokers
97% Telephone Operators
97% Agricultural and Food Science Technicians
97% Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks
97% Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks
97% Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop
96% Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance
96% Receptionists and Information Clerks
96% Office Clerks, General
96% Compensation and Benefits Managers
96% Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service
96% Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop
96% Rock Splitters, Quarry
96% Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive
96% Surveying and Mapping Technicians
96% Model Makers, Wood
96% Textile Winding, Twisting, and Drawing Out Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
96% Locomotive Engineers
96% Gaming Dealers
96% Fabric Menders, Except Garment
96% Cooks, Restaurant
96% Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers
96% Billing and Posting Clerks
95% Manicurists and Pedicurists
95% Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping
95% Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
95% Bill and Account Collectors
95% Nuclear Power Reactor Operators
95% Gaming Surveillance Officers and Gaming Investigators
95% Library Assistants, Clerical
95% Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators
95% Print Binding and Finishing Workers
95% Animal Breeders
95% Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
95% Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers
95% Adhesive Bonding Machine Operators and Tenders
95% Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers
95% Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
95% Postal Service Clerks
95% Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers
94% Accountants and Auditors
94% Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
94% Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service
94% Waiters and Waitresses
94% Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers
94% Budget Analysts
94% Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers
94% Bicycle Repairers
94% Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers
94% Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers
94% Couriers and Messengers
94% Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan
94% Cooks, Short Order
94% Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators
94% Helpers–Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons
94% Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks
94% Tire Builders
94% Door-to-Door Sales Workers, News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers
94% First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers
94% Agricultural Inspectors
94% Paralegals and Legal Assistants
93% Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders
93% Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators
93% Service Unit Operators, Oil, Gas, and Mining
93% Conveyor Operators and Tenders
93% Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics
93% Locomotive Firers
93% Machine Feeders and Offbearers
93% Model Makers, Metal and Plastic
93% Radio, Cellular, and Tower Equipment Installers and Repairs
93% Butchers and Meat Cutters
93% Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
93% Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors
93% Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents
93% Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
93% Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators
92% Office Machine Operators, Except Computer
92% Pharmacy Technicians
92% Loan Interviewers and Clerks
92% Dredge Operators
92% Insurance Sales Agents
92% Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters
92% Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers
92% Fence Erectors
92% Plating and Coating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
92% Retail Salespersons
92% Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food
92% Production Workers, All Other
92% Helpers–Carpenters
91% Gaming and Sports Book Writers and Runners
91% Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners
91% Tour Guides and Escorts
91% Mechanical Door Repairers
91% Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders
91% Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping Station Operators
91% Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
91% Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
91% Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
91% Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators, and Hostlers
91% Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers, Transportation Equipment
91% Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers
91% Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
91% Geological and Petroleum Technicians
91% Automotive Body and Related Repairers
91% Patternmakers, Wood
91% Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
90% Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping
90% Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists
90% Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers
90% Roofers
90% Crane and Tower Operators
90% Traffic Technicians
90% Transportation Inspectors
90% Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic
90% Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic
90% Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate
90% Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers
90% Signal and Track Switch Repairers
89% Bakers
89% Medical Transcriptionists
89% Stonemasons
89% Bus Drivers, School or Special Client
89% Technical Writers
89% Riggers
89% Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators
89% Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators
89% Sewing Machine Operators
89% Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs
88% Construction Laborers
88% Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks
88% Semiconductor Processors
88% Cartographers and Photogrammetrists
88% Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders
88% Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
88% Extruding and Forming Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass Fibers
88% Terrazzo Workers and Finishers
88% Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners
88% Rail Car Repairers
87% Miscellaneous Agricultural Workers
87% Forest and Conservation Workers
87% Pourers and Casters, Metal
87% Carpet Installers
87% Paperhangers
87% Buyers and Purchasing Agents, Farm Products
87% Furniture Finishers
87% Food Preparation Workers
87% Floor Sanders and Finishers
87% Parking Lot Attendants
87% Highway Maintenance Workers
86% Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants
86% Plant and System Operators, All Other
86% Food Servers, Nonrestaurant
86% Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood
86% Subway and Streetcar Operators
86% Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers
86% Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
86% Real Estate Sales Agents
86% Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic
86% Maintenance Workers, Machinery
86% Correspondence Clerks
85% Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand
85% Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products
85% Meter Readers, Utilities
85% Power Plant Operators
85% Chemical Plant and System Operators
85% Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas
85% Nuclear Technicians
84% Tool and Die Makers
84% Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians
84% Plasterers and Stucco Masons
84% Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic
84% Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
84% Security Guards
84% Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers
84% Wellhead Pumpers
84% Proofreaders and Copy Markers
84% Parking Enforcement Workers
83% Fishers and Related Fishing Workers
83% Structural Iron and Steel Workers
83% Railroad Brake, Signal, and Switch Operators
83% Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters
83% Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria
83% Sailors and Marine Oilers
83% Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
83% Helpers–Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters
83% Segmental Pavers
83% Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall
83% Printing Press Operators
83% Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants
83% Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners
83% Baggage Porters and Bellhops
83% Gaming Change Persons and Booth Cashiers
83% Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
83% Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators
82% Engine and Other Machine Assemblers
82% Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers
82% Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons
82% Nonfarm Animal Caretakers
82% Sheet Metal Workers
82% Pile-Driver Operators
82% Brickmasons and Blockmasons
81% Cooks, Fast Food
81% Word Processors and Typists
81% Electrical and Electronics Drafters
81% Electro-Mechanical Technicians
81% Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders
81% Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers
81% Medical Secretaries
81% Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials
80% Barbers
80% Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas
79% Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators
79% Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers
79% Shampooers
79% Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers
79% Helpers–Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers
79% Motorcycle Mechanics
79% Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers
79% Logging Equipment Operators
79% Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles
78% Medical Equipment Preparers
78% Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
78% Computer Operators
78% Gas Plant Operators
77% Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health
77% Locksmiths and Safe Repairers
77% Tree Trimmers and Pruners
77% Bartenders
77% Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products
77% Dishwashers
77% Hunters and Trappers
76% Archivists
76% Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders
76% Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers
76% Fallers
75% Postmasters and Mail Superintendents
75% Tile and Marble Setters
75% Painters, Construction and Maintenance
75% Transportation Attendants, Except Flight Attendants
75% Civil Engineering Technicians
75% Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians
74% Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers
74% Personal Care Aides
74% Broadcast Technicians
74% Helpers–Electricians
73% Textile Knitting and Weaving Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
73% Administrative Services Managers
73% Glaziers
73% Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers
73% Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists
72% Amusement and Recreation Attendants
72% Pharmacy Aides
72% Helpers–Roofers
72% Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders
72% Home Appliance Repairers
72% Carpenters
72% Public Address System and Other Announcers
71% Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians
71% Airfield Operations Specialists
71% Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers
71% Construction and Related Workers, All Other
71% Opticians, Dispensing
71% Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers
70% Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs
70% Tire Repairers and Changers
70% Food Batchmakers
70% Avionics Technicians
69% Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers
69% Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners
69% Painters, Transportation Equipment
68% Postal Service Mail Carriers
68% Roustabouts, Oil and Gas
68% Boilermakers
68% Mechanical Drafters
68% Dental Hygienists
67% Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
67% Foundry Mold and Coremakers
67% Atmospheric and Space Scientists
67% Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity
67% Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers
67% Industrial Machinery Mechanics
66% Pest Control Workers
66% Helpers–Production Workers
66% Statistical Assistants
66% Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners
66% Motorboat Mechanics and Service Technicians
65% Social Science Research Assistants
65% Machinists
65% Computer Support Specialists
65% Librarians
65% Electronic Home Entertainment Equipment Installers and Repairers
65% Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers
65% Hoist and Winch Operators
64% Cutters and Trimmers, Hand
64% Maintenance and Repair Workers, General
64% Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers
64% Stock Clerks and Order Fillers
64% Power Distributors and Dispatchers
64% Insulation Workers, Mechanical
63% Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers
63% Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door
63% Healthcare Support Workers, All Other
63% First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers
63% Construction and Building Inspectors
62% Motorboat Operators
62% Tapers
62% Pipelayers
61% Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles
61% Physical Therapist Aides
61% Costume Attendants
61% Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists
61% Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks
61% Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators
61% Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians, All Other
61% Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders
61% Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
60% Correctional Officers and Jailers
60% Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture
60% Slaughterers and Meat Packers
59% Millwrights
59% Museum Technicians and Conservators
59% Mine Cutting and Channeling Machine Operators
59% Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers
59% Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians
59% Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics
58% Personal Financial Advisors
57% First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers
57% Chemical Technicians
57% Helpers–Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
57% Cost Estimators
57% Transit and Railroad Police
57% First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers
56% Teacher Assistants
55% Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers
55% Commercial Pilots
55% Customer Service Representatives
55% Audio and Video Equipment Technicians
54% Embalmers
54% Continuous Mining Machine Operators
54% Slot Supervisors
54% Massage Therapists
54% Advertising Sales Agents
53% Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas
53% Hazardous Materials Removal Workers
52% Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers
52% Architectural and Civil Drafters
51% Demonstrators and Product Promoters
51% Dental Assistants
50% Loading Machine Operators, Underground Mining
50% Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other
50% Court Reporters
49% Crossing Guards
49% Agricultural Engineers
49% Roof Bolters, Mining
49% Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers
49% Police, Fire, and Ambulance Dispatchers
48% Fire Inspectors and Investigators
48% Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians
48% Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers
48% Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters
48% Computer Programmers
47% Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists
47% Psychiatric Aides
47% Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
46% Court, Municipal, and License Clerks
45% Medical Appliance Technicians
44% Historians
43% Locker Room, Coatroom, and Dressing Room Attendants
43% Physical Scientists, All Other
43% Economists
42% Forest and Conservation Technicians
42% First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand
41% Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products
41% Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters
41% Judicial Law Clerks
41% Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment
40% Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates
40% Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines
40% Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other
39% Home Health Aides
39% Upholsterers
39% Elevator Installers and Repairers
39% Gaming Cage Workers
39% Audio-Visual and Multimedia Collections Specialists
38% Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay
38% Surveyors
38% Mechanical Engineering Technicians
38% Packers and Packagers, Hand
38% Interpreters and Translators
37% Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders
37% Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment
37% Funeral Attendants
37% Helpers–Extraction Workers
37% Actors
37% Mine Shuttle Car Operators
36% Bailiffs
36% Computer Numerically Controlled Machine Tool Programmers, Metal and Plastic
36% Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers
35% Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
35% Flight Attendants
35% Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
34% Detectives and Criminal Investigators
34% Surgical Technologists
34% Radiation Therapists
33% Financial Specialists, All Other
31% Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other
31% Private Detectives and Investigators
31% Film and Video Editors
30% Biological Technicians
30% Medical Assistants
30% Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists
30% Cooks, Private Household
29% Skincare Specialists
29% Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products
28% First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers
28% Athletes and Sports Competitors
28% Gaming Supervisors
27% Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels
27% Occupational Therapy Aides
27% Medical Equipment Repairers
26% Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School
25% Geographers
25% Occupational Health and Safety Technicians
25% Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists
25% Environmental Engineering Technicians
25% Managers, All Other
25% Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Technicians
25% Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products
24% Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes
24% Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other
23% Survey Researchers
23% Business Operations Specialists, All Other
23% Financial Analysts
23% Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
23% Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
22% Computer Occupations, All Other
22% Statisticians
22% Computer Hardware Engineers
21% Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects
21% Actuaries
21% Animal Control Workers
21% Concierges
20% Epidemiologists
20% Funeral Service Managers, Directors, Morticians, and Undertakers
19% Adult Basic and Secondary Education and Literacy Teachers and Instructors
18% Public Relations Specialists
18% Commercial Divers
18% Manufactured Building and Mobile Home Installers
18% Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers
17% Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
17% Firefighters
17% Financial Examiners
17% First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers
17% Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
16% Petroleum Engineers
16% Desktop Publishers
16% General and Operations Managers
15% Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education
15% Electricians
14% Optometrists
14% Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers
14% Physician Assistants
13% Dancers
13% Nuclear Medicine Technologists
13% Software Developers, Systems Software
13% Management Analysts
13% Dietetic Technicians
13% Urban and Regional Planners
13% Social and Human Service Assistants
13% Self-Enrichment Education Teachers
13% Sound Engineering Technicians
11% Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists
11% Reporters and Correspondents
11% Air Traffic Controllers
10% Chefs and Head Cooks
10% Animal Trainers
10% Radio and Television Announcers
10% Electrical Engineers
10% Chemists
10% Respiratory Therapy Technicians
10% Physicists
9.9% Travel Agents
9.8% Police and Sheriff’s Patrol Officers
9.7% Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers
9.1% Gaming Managers
8.5% Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors
8.4% Childcare Workers
8.3% Food Service Managers
8.2% Graphic Designers
8% Compliance Officers
8% Fish and Game Wardens
7.7% Food Scientists and Technologists
7.6% First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers
7.5% First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers
7.4% Musicians and Singers
7.1% Construction Managers
7% Nuclear Engineers
6.9% Financial Managers
6.7% Broadcast News Analysts
6.6% Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors
6.6% Respiratory Therapists
6.4% Residential Advisors
6.1% Animal Scientists
6% Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators
5.9% Sociologists
5.8% Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
5.7% Travel Guides
5.5% Editors
5.5% Prosthodontists
5.5% Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, All Other
4.9% Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
4.8% Forest Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists
4.7% Mathematicians
4.7% Floral Designers
4.7% Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers
4.5% Landscape Architects
4.5% Health Educators
4.3% Psychiatric Technicians
4.2% Software Developers, Applications
4.2% Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators
4.1% Astronomers
4.1% Ship Engineers
4% Credit Counselors
4% Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other
3.9% Advertising and Promotions Managers
3.9% Political Scientists
3.8% Veterinarians
3.8% Writers and Authors
3.7% Commercial and Industrial Designers
3.7% Biomedical Engineers
3.7% Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners
3.5% Lawyers
3.5% Craft Artists
3.5% Operations Research Analysts
3.5% Computer and Information Systems Managers
3.3% Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health
3.3% Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
3.2% Postsecondary Teachers
3% Industrial Production Managers
3% Industrial Engineering Technicians
3% Network and Computer Systems Administrators
3% Database Administrators
3% Purchasing Managers
2.9% Industrial Engineers
2.9% First-Line Supervisors of Transportation andMaterial-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators
2.9% Veterinary Technologists and Technicians
2.8% Occupational Therapy Assistants
2.8% Child, Family, and School Social Workers
2.8% Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors
2.7% Biochemists and Biophysicists
2.7% Chiropractors
2.5% First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers
2.5% Directors, Religious Activities and Education
2.5% Electronics Engineers, Except Computer
2.3% Orthodontists
2.3% Art Directors
2.2% Producers and Directors
2.2% Interior Designers
2.1% Soil and Plant Scientists
2.1% Materials Scientists
2.1% Materials Engineers
2.1% Fashion Designers
2.1% Physical Therapists
2.1% Photographers
2% Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners, All Other
1.9% Civil Engineers
1.8% Natural Sciences Managers
1.8% Environmental Engineers
1.8% Architects, Except Landscape and Naval
1.8% Physical Therapist Assistants
1.7% Chemical Engineers
1.7% Architectural and Engineering Managers
1.7% Aerospace Engineers
1.6% First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers
1.6% Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents
1.6% Conservation Scientists
1.6% Special Education Teachers, Middle School
1.5% Biological Scientists, All Other
1.5% Public Relations and Fundraising Managers
1.5% Multimedia Artists and Animators
1.5% Computer and Information Research Scientists
1.5% Chief Executives
1.5% Education Administrators, Preschool and Childcare Center/Program
1.5% Music Directors and Composers
1.4% Hydrologists
1.4% Marketing Managers
1.4% Marriage and Family Therapists
1.4% Engineers, All Other
1.4% Training and Development Specialists
1.4% First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers
1.3% Coaches and Scouts
1.3% Sales Managers
1.2% Pharmacists
1.2% Logisticians
1.2% Microbiologists
1.2% Industrial-Organizational Psychologists
1.1% Mechanical Engineers
1% Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performance
1% Marine Engineers and Naval Architects
1% Education Administrators, Postsecondary
1% Teachers and Instructors, All Other
1% Forensic Science Technicians
0.9% Rehabilitation Counselors
0.9% Registered Nurses
0.9% Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School
0.9% Educational, Guidance, School, and Vocational Counselors
0.8% Clergy
0.8% Foresters
0.8% Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
0.8% Anthropologists and Archeologists
0.8% Special Education Teachers, Secondary School
0.8% Farm and Home Management Advisors
0.7% Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education
0.7% Medical and Health Services Managers
0.7% Athletic Trainers
0.7% Curators
0.7% Social and Community Service Managers
0.7% Computer Systems Analysts
0.6% Speech-Language Pathologists
0.6% Training and Development Managers
0.6% Recreation Workers
0.6% Set and Exhibit Designers
0.6% Human Resources Managers
0.5% Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers
0.5% Mental Health Counselors
0.5% Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists
0.5% Education Administrators, Elementary and Secondary School
0.5% Podiatrists
0.5% Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists
0.4% First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives
0.4% Dentists, General
0.4% Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education
0.4% Psychologists, All Other
0.4% Physicians and Surgeons
0.4% Instructional Coordinators
0.4% Sales Engineers
0.4% Choreographers
0.4% Dietitians and Nutritionists
0.4% Lodging Managers
0.4% Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
0.4% First-Line Supervisors of Fire Fighting and Prevention Workers
0.4% Occupational Therapists
0.4% Orthotists and Prosthetists
0.4% Healthcare Social Workers
0.3% Audiologists
0.3% Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
0.3% First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers
0.3% Emergency Management Directors
0.3% Recreational Therapists